Title:
CREATIVE OUTDOOR LEARNING MODEL TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPATIAL THINKING SKILLS

Authors:
Sri Astutik, Eva Banowati, Bejo Apriyanto and Muhammad Asyroful Mujib

Abstract:
Students' spatial thinking abilities in geography learning are not yet optimal overall because geography learning places more emphasis on cognitive aspects. Spatial thinking skills need to be developed in geography learning, because so far students have difficulty understanding spatial concepts because the activities carried out by students are less involved in the learning process so that students are not used to creating or producing learning products. Efforts made to improve spatial thinking skills are by developing a Creative Outdoor Learning based on space model by referring to three previous models and expert opinions which consist of the following steps: Exploring, Mapping, Creating, Presenting and Evaluating which are applied to improve spatial thinking skills high school students. This type of research is development research using the Ploom and Nieveen development research model. The data obtained are in the form of criteria for validity, effectiveness, and student responses. Creative Outdoor Learning model based on space was declared valid by experts with a validation value of 80%, and effective for training spatial skills with a high effectiveness category of 0.75, student responses to learning were very good with a value of 85%. So that the Creative Outdoor Learning model based on space can be used as an innovative model that can be used by teachers to train student spatial thinking skills.

Keywords:
spatial thinking skills, creative outdoor learning, space, model

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37500/IJESSR.2026.9115

Date of Publication: 26-02-2026