Abstract:
The transition toward competency-based education in Vietnam, as embodied in the 2018 General
Education Curriculum, has emphasized the integration of knowledge, skills, qualities, and
competencies into the teaching and learning process. Mathematics, particularly the strand of Numbers
and Operations in Grade 5, plays a crucial role in consolidating foundational knowledge while
fostering problem-solving, reasoning, and modeling skills. This study aims to design and implement a
competency-oriented exercise system in Numbers and Operations that is both theoretically grounded
and practically feasible for Grade 5 students.
Adopting a mixed-method approach, the study combined theoretical analysis, curriculum review,
expert consultation, and pedagogical experimentation. The exercise system was structured across four
cognitive levels—recognition, understanding, application, and creative application—and organized
into categories such as skill consolidation, problem-solving, and contextualized tasks. Expert
validation confirmed the scientific soundness and pedagogical appropriateness of the system.
Classroom implementation demonstrated that students in the experimental group outperformed their
peers in reasoning, application, and creativity, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).
The findings confirm that competency-oriented exercises are effective not only in strengthening
mathematical knowledge but also in developing essential competencies for lifelong learning. The study
contributes to the literature on competency-based education in Vietnam and provides practical
implications for mathematics teachers aiming to align their instruction with the 2018 curriculum. |
